At its 1996th meeting, on 29 March 1977, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Burundi, the German Democratic Republic, Jamaica, Lesotho, Somalia and Sweden to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.
At its 1998th meeting, on 30 March 1977, the Council decided to invite the representative of Ethiopia to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.

wana, Guinea and Viet Nam to partLctpate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.
At its 2040th meeting, on 26 October 1977, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Guyana, Lesotho, Niger and the United Republic of Cameroon to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.

At its 1999th meeting, on 31 March 1977, the Council decided to invite the representative of Guyana to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.

At its 2042nd meeting, on 28 October 1977, the
Council decided to invite the representatives of Ghana, Mauritania, Somalia and the Sudan to participate, without vote. in the discussion of the question.

At its 2036th meeting, on 24 October 1977, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Nigeria and Tunisia to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the item entitled "The question of South Africa: letter dated 20 October 1977 from the Permanent Representative of Tunisia to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/12420)"P
At the same meeting, the Council also decided, at the request of the representatives of Benin, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and Mauritius,1:1 to extend invitations to Mr. M. J. Makatini and Mr. David Sibeko under rule 39 of the provisional rules of procedure.
At its 2037th meeting, on 25 October 1977, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Saudi Arabia and Togo to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.
At its 2038th meeting, on 25 October 1977, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Algeria and Senegal to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.
At its 2039th meeting, on 26 October 1977, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Bots-
12 Ibid., Supplement far October. November and December 1977.
13Jbid., document S/12423.

At the same meeting, the Council also decided to extend an invitation, under rule 39 of the provisional rules of procedure, to the Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid.
At its 2043rd meeting, on 28 October 1977, the Council decided, at the request of the representatives of Benin, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and Mauritius,14 to extend an invitation to Mr. Horst Gerhard Kleinschmidt under rule 39 of the provisional rules of procedure.
At its 2045th meeting, on 31 October 1977, the Council decided, at the request of the representatives of Benin, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and Mauritius,15 to extend an invitation to Mr. Elias L. Ntloedibe under rule 39 of the provisional rules of procedure.
Resolution 417 ( 1977)
of 31 October 1977
The Security Council, Recalling its resolution 392 (1976) of 19 June 1976, strongly condemning the racist regime of South Africa for its resort to massive violence against and wanton killings of the African people, including schoolchildren and students and others opposing racial discrimination, and calling upon the South African racist regime urgently to end violence against the African people and to take urgent steps to eliminate apartheid and racial discrimination,
llf/Jid., document S/12429. 1.> ll>id., document S/1~432.

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Noting with deep anxiety and indignation that the South African racist regime has continued violence and massive repression against the black people and all opponents of apartheid in defiance of the resolutions of the Security Council,
Gravely concerned over reports of torture of political prisoners and the deaths of a number of detainees, as well as the mounting wave of repression against individuals, organizations and the news media since 19 October 1977,
Convinced that the violence and repression by the South African racist regime have greatly aggravated the situation in South Africa and will certainly lead to violent conflict and racial conflagration with serious international repercussions,
Reaffirming its recognition of the legitimacy of the struggle of the South African people for the elimination of apartheid and racial discrimination,
Affirming the right to the exercise of self-determination by all the people of South Africa as a whole, irrespective of race, colour or creed,
Mindful of its responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security,
1. Strongly condemns the South African racist regime for its resort to massive violence and repression against the black people, who constitute the great majority of the country, as well as all other opponents of apartheid;
2. Expresses its support for, and solidarity with, all those struggling for the elimination of apartheid and racial discrimination and all victims of violence and repression by the South African racist regime;
3. Demands that the racist regime of South Africa:
(a) End violence and repression against the black people and other opponents of apartheid;
(b) Release all persons imprisoned under arbitrary security laws and all those detained for their opposition to apartheid;
(c) Cease forthwith its indiscriminate violence against peaceful demonstrators against apartheid, murders in detention and torture of political prisoners;
(d) Abrogate the bans on organizations and the news media opposed to apartheid;
(e) Abolish the "Bantu education" system and all other measures of apartheid and racial discrimination;
(f) Abolish the policy of bantustanization, abandon the policy of apartheid and ensure majority rule based on justice and equality;
4. Requests all Governments and organizations to t~ke all appropriate measures to secure the implementatiOn of paragraph 3 of the present resolution;
5. Further requests all Governments and organizations to contribute generously for assistance to the victims of violence and repression, including educational assistance to student refugees from South Africa;
6. Requests the Secretary-General, in co-operation with the Special Committee against Apartheid, to follow the situation and report to the Security Council, as appropriate, on the implementation of the present resolu-

tion, and to submit a tirst report not later than 17 February 1978.
Adopted unanimously at the 2045th mectinr:.
Resolution 418 (1977)
of 4 November 1977
Tlte Security Council,
R eca!ling its resolution 392 ll976) of 19 June 1976. strongly condemning the South African Government for its resort to massive violence against and killings of the African people, including schoolchildren and students and others opposing racial discrimination, and calling upon that Government urgently to end violence against the African people and to take urgent steps to eliminate apartheid and raci:.ll discrimination,
Recognizing that the military build-up by South Africa and its persistent acts of aggression against the neighbouring Slates seriously disturb the security of those States,
Further recognizing that the existing arms embargo must be strengthened and universally applied, without any reservations or qualifications whatsoever, in order to prevent a further <~ggravation of the grave situation in South Africa,
Takinr; note of the Lagos Declaration (or Action against Apartheid,w
Gravely concerned that South Africa is at the threshold of producing nuclear weapons,
Strongly condemning the South African Government for its acts of repression, its defiant continuance of the system of apartheid and its attacks against neighbouring independent States,
Considering that the policies and acts of the South African Government are fraught with danger to international peace and security,
Recalling its resolution 181 (1963) of 7 August 1963 and other resolutions concerning a voluntary arms embargo against South Africa,
Com·inccd that a mandatory arms embargo needs to he universally applied against South Africa in the first instance.
Acting therefore under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
I. Determines, having regard to the policies and acts of the South African Government, that the acquisition by South Africa of arms and related materiel constitutes a threat to the maintenance of international peace and security;
2. Decides that all States shall cease forthwith any provision to South Africa of arms and related mat£;riel of all types, including the sale or transfer of weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary police equipment, and spare parts for the aforementioned, and shall cease as well the provision of all
1" United Nation~ publication, Sales No. E.77.XIV.2, sect. X.

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