Determined to secure urgently the total fulfilment of the mandate and objectives of the Force in accordance with resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978),
Acting in response to the request of the Lebanese Government,
1. Decides to renew the mandate of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon for a period of four months, that is, until 19 January 1979;
2. Calls upon Israel, Lebanon and all others concerned to co-operate fully and urgently with the United Nations in the implementation of Security Council resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978);
3. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council in two months on the implementation of the present resolution in order to allow it to assess the situation and to examine what further measures should be taken, and to report again at the end of the four-month period.
Adopted at the 2085tlz meeting by 12 votes to none, with 2 abstentions (Czeclzoslovakia, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).U

Deeply grieved at the consequent loss of life, human suffering and physical destruction,
Noting the appeal made on 4 October 1978 by the President of the Security Council and the SecretaryGeneral,
1. Calls upon all those involved in hostilities in Lebanon to put an end to acts of violence and observe scrupulously an immediate and effective cease-fire and cessation of hostilities so that internal peace and national reconciliation may be restored based on the preservation of Lebanese unity, territorial integrity, independence and national sovereignty;
2. Calls upon all involved to allow units of the International Committee of the Red Cross into the area of conflict to evacuate the wounded and provide humanitarian assistance;
3. Supports the Secretary-General in his efforts and requests him to continue these efforts to bring about a durable cease-fire and to keep the Security Council informed on the implementation of the ceasefire.
Adopted unanimously at the 2089th meeting

Decisions

At its 2086th meeting, on 19 September 1978, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Lebanon, Israel and the Syrian Arab Republic to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.
At the· same meeting, the Council also decided, by a vote, that an invitation should be accorded to the representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization to participate in the debate and that that invitation would confer upon it the same rights of participation as those conferred on a Member State when it was invited to participate under rule 37 of the provisional rules of procedure.
Adopted by 10 votes to 1 (United States of America), with 4 abstentions (Canada, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland).
At its 2089th meeting, on 6 October 1978, the Council proceeded with the discussion of the item entitled "The situation in the Middle East".
Resolution 436 (1978)
of 6 Oetober 1978
The Security Council, Noting with grave concern the deteriorating situation in Beirut and its surroundings,
aa One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Decision
At its 2091st meeting, on 23 October 1978, the Council proceeded with the discussion of the item entitled "The situation in the Middle East: report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Emergency Force (S/12897)''.3''
Resolution 438 (1978)
of 23 October 1978
The Security Council, Recalling its resolutions 338 ( 1973) of 22 October, 340 (1973) of 25 October and 341 (1973) of 27 October 1973, 346 (1974) of 8 April and 362 (1974) of 23 October 1974, 368 (1975) of 17 April, 371 (1975) of 24 July and 378 (1975) of 23 October 1975, 396 (1976) of 22 October 1976 and 416 (1977) of 21 October 1977, Having considered the report of the SecretaryGeneral on the United Nations Emergency Force,M Recalling the Secretary-General's view that the situation in the Middle East as a whole continues to be unstable and potentially dangerous and is likely to remain so unless and until a comprehensive settlement covering all aspects of the Middle East problem can be reached, and his hope that urgent efforts will be pursued by all concerned to tackle the problem in all its aspects, with a view both to maintaining quiet in
84 See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-third Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1978.
ali Ibid., document S/12897.

7

the region and to arriving at a just and durable peace settlement, as called for by the Security Council in its resolution 338 (1973),
1. Decides to renew the mandate of the United Nations Emergency Force for a period of nine months, that is, until 24 July 1979;
2. Requests the Secretary-General to submit at the end of this period a report on the developments in the situation and on the steps taken to implement Security Council resolution 338 ( 1973) ;
3. Expresses its confidence that the Force will be maintained with maximum efficiency and economy.
Adopted at the 2091st meeting by 12 votes to none, with 2 abstentions (Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).SB
Decision
At its 2101st meeting, on 30 November 1978, the Council proceeded with the discussion of the item entitled "The situation in the Middle East: report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (S/12934)".:17
Resolution 441 (1978)
of 30 November 1978

"In connexion with the adoption of the resolution on the renewal of the mandate of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force, I have been authorized to make the following complementary statement on behalf of the Security Council regarding the resolution just adopted:
'As is known, the report of the SecretaryGeneral on the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force38 states in paragraph 32 that "despite the present quiet in the Israel-Syria sector, the situation in the Middle East as a whole continues to be potentially dangerous and is likely to remain so unless and until a comprehensive settlement covering all aspects of the Middle East problem can be reached". This statement of the SecretaryGeneral reflects the view of the Security Council.'
Further, on behalf of the Chinese delegation, I wish to state that, as it has not participated in the vote on this resolution, it takes the same position with regard to the statement which I have just read out on behalf of the members of the Council."
At its 2106th meeting, on 8 December 1978, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Lebanon, Israel and the Syrian Arab Republic to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the item entitled "The situation in the Middle East: interim report of the Secretary-General under Security Council resolution 434 (1978) concerning the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (S/12929)".40

The Security Council, Having considered the report of the SecretaryGeneral on the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force,38
Decides: (a) To call upon the parties concerned to implement immediately Security Council resolution 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973;
(b) To renew the mandate of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force for another period of six months, that is, until 31 May 1979;
(c) To request the Secretary-General to submit at the end of this period a report on the developments in the situation and the measures taken to implement resolution 338 (1973).
Adopted at the 2101 st meeting by 14 votes to none.so
Decisions
At the same meeting, following the adoption of resolution 441 (1978), the President made the following statement (S/12943):
36 One member (China) did not participate in the voting. 37 See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-third Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1978. 38Jbid., document S/12934. &9 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

At the same meeting, the President read out the following statement (S/12958) representing the consensus of the members of the Council:
"The Security Council has studied the SecretaryGeneral's report contained in document S/12929,40 submitted in pursuance of resolution 434 ( 1978). The Council associates itself with the views of the Secretary-General set forth in the report regarding the obstacles placed against the full deployment of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon and against the total implementation of resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978).
"The Council expresses its deepest concern over the grave situation in Southern Lebanon.
"The Council is convinced that these obstacles constitute a challenge to its authority and a defiance of its resolutions. The Council therefore demands the removal of these obstacles, specifically described and referred to in the Secretary-General's report under consideration, as well as in his previous reports submitted to the Council.
"The Council believes that the unimpeded deployment of the Force in all parts of Southern Lebanon will contribute significantly to the restoration of the authority of the Lebanese Government and the pres-
40 See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-third Year, Supplement for October, Nol·ember and December 1978.

8